Powered
by both wind and steam, Presidente
Sarmiento was never intended to be a fighting ship. She was commissioned specifically
as a sea-going sail training ship for the Argentine Navy in 1897.
During
her service life, ARA (Armada de la
República Argentina) Fragata (frigate) Presidente Sarmiento made thirty seven annual training cruises
including six circumnavigations of the globe. Her career as a seagoing
training ship lasted until 1938 by which time she had logged 1.1 million nautical miles.
From 1938 to 1961 she served as a stationary
training ship, after which time she was preserved as a historic vessel and,
today, is a tourist attraction in Buenos Aires. As a museum, the ship is open
to the public at a very nominal cost. She can be found at Dock III of Puerto
Madero in Buenos Aires, within walking distance of the city’s centre.
Built
by Laird Brothers in Birkenhead, England, the Presidente Sarmiento was launched in 1897 to serve as a seagoing
and harbour-based training vessel for Argentinian naval cadets. Over 1500 officer were trained on this ship.
She
was named after Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, the seventh President of Argentina
and founder of the Argentine Naval Academy. She is the last intact cruising
training ship from the 1890s. The figure head
on the bowsprit, which was added later, represents the Argentine Republic.
Presidente
Sarmiento
has three masts and in her sailing days carried up to
thirty-five sail. The
three-wheeled chain driven Helm controlled the rudder and was manned by six seamen,
if necessary.
In
addition to its sailing rig, this ship is equipped with a 3-cylinder triple
expansion steam engine producing 1,000 hp (750 kW). Two coal-fired boilers provide
the steam. These emit their exhaust through the rear stack. An additional
auxiliary boiler exhausts through the forward stack. This provides power other
than for propulsion, including two electrical generators. A large coal bunker
is positioned between the main and auxiliary boiler rooms.
Presidente Sarmiento was capable of
making 13 knots but it took a crew of 90 men to manoeuvre her. As a training
ship, she carried over 300 cadets. In
order to accommodate the large number of trainees, the deck was modified with
both the poop and forecastle being extended.
Since retirement in 1961, the interior of the ship has been well-preserved.
For today’s visitors it offers a genuine insight into life at sea. Numerous
glass cabinets display original artifacts such as flags, maps, compasses and
personal items such as shaving equipment. A series of old photographs tell the
story of the ship, the naval cadets who trained on her and the former captains
who commanded her.
The
beautifully restored cabins include luxuriously appointed officers' quarters
that feature parquet floors, wood panelling, and leather armchairs. These are
in stark contrast to the confined quarters where the cadets slung their
hammocks.
Thought the frigate was an armed training vessel, all
her voyages were peaceful. She was equipped with four five-inch
mounts amidships, two on each side and additional smaller weapons. A single
torpedo scuttle using gravity expulsion exited at the bow. The scuttle has been
removed and the exit port welded shut but visitors to the ship will find a
torpedo on the main deck poised to enter the former scuttle entrance.
Presidente
Sarmiento
has a displacement of 2,750 metric tonnes. She is 81 m (266 ft) in length with
a beam of 13.11 m (43 ft) and draught of 5.64 m (18.5 ft).
While the hull is steel, it was covered with a layer
of teak. The lower part of the hull is sheathed in copper plates.
It
is ten years since I stepped aboard the Presidente
Sarmiento. It was a vessel that inspired me when I just beginning my love
affair with historic ships. If you are ever in Buenos Aires, I would thoroughly
recommend a visit.
Pics
include:
Ship draped in bunting in 1902 only a few years after being launched
in 1898.
Artistic Portrait of ARA Presidente Sarmiento by Allan E. O'Mill
Frigate
at East Circular Quay in Sydney in July 1928 (It visited Sydney in 1901, 1906
and 1928. Australian National Maritime Museum’s Samuel J. Hood Studio
collection) Author at the helm.
Full list
of pics and sources supplied if requested.
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